Silicon is commonly used to make solar cells due to its special chemical properties. A silicon atom has 14 electrons that are arranged in three different shells.

The first two shells which have two and eight electrons each are completely full. However, the outer shell is only half full as it only has four electrons. Thus a silicon atom is always on a look out for ways to fill up its last shell.

In order to do this, it will have to share electrons with four nearby atoms to gain stability. It is just as if each atom has joined four hands to four neighbors. This is what forms the crystalline structure, leading to the formation of a PV cell.

Having dished out plenty of solar power info, I got to think whether or not the majority of people are even unaware of the brains behind the project, the Solar Panel? Whatever the metaphor, lets familiarize us with the photovoltaic physical workings of this super hero enigma.

How They Do And What They Do?

As mentioned, the principles of photovoltaic physics are used to convert the energy of the sun in to electricity rather than just heat. Now the impressive scientific stuff has been duly noted, let me paint a much simpler picture.

Solar cells are not made using pure silicon but instead have impurities added to it. Why? Because pure silicon crystals are non reactive in a stable state, which is not good as the electrons need some form of instability to be productive. So in this context some impurities must be required.

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